Mathematics

In the first grade, arithmetic is taught largely through movement—walking and stomping, clapping, throwing a beanbag—and through lively oral games.

First graders are introduced to the quality of numbers, and Roman and Arabic numerals; as well, they learn to count, first rhythmically, by ones, twos, threes, fours, fives, and tens. Students will learn number bonds one through ten, as well as
doubles and halves from one through ten.

Through imaginative stories, the four processes (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) are practiced. Students also learn to solve simple number problems, using manipulatives if necessary. The concept of place value is introduced.

Physical movement is still an important part of arithmetic lessons in second grade. Students continue to work with the concept of place value. Students practice with the four processes, eventually working with three digits. Students will learn multiplication and division of two digit numbers by one digit numbers. They learn to use regrouping for addition and subtraction.

Multiplication tables through 12×12 are practiced through movement and choral recitation. Students will have a working knowledge of tables one through twelve. Students are encouraged to find patterns within the tables, and magic squares are introduced. A selection of representative problems is then copied into main lesson books or completed as practice sheets. Mental arithmetic, flashcards, and games are all used to develop the children’s concentration and flexibility in thinking with numbers.